Definition of Sulphor
Sul"phur (?), n. [L., better
sulfur: cf. F. soufre.] 1.
(Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites)
and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in
vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which
it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of
ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur,
1.96.
&fist; It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon-
yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used
on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide),
but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can
be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic
octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more
stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and
tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or
family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous
species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily
Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or
Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the
Eastern United States.
Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic
variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring
melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification. -- Liver of sulphur.
(Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Sulphur
acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. --
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See
Mercaptan. -- Sulphur auratum [L.]
(Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of
antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous
nostrum. -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an
alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of
sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts.
[Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a
colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor,
produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the
production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous
acid. -- Sulphur ether (Chem.),
a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary
ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of
oxygen. -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a
salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. -- Sulphur
showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in
appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great
distance. -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.),
a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation
of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the
production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a
dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and
formerly sulphuric acid. -- Sulphur
whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur-
bottom. -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.),
lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.
Sul"phur (?), n. [L., better
sulfur: cf. F. soufre.] 1.
(Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites)
and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in
vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which
it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of
ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur,
1.96.
&fist; It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon-
yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used
on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide),
but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can
be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic
octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more
stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and
tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or
family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous
species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily
Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or
Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the
Eastern United States.
Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic
variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring
melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification. -- Liver of sulphur.
(Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Sulphur
acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. --
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See
Mercaptan. -- Sulphur auratum [L.]
(Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of
antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous
nostrum. -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an
alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of
sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts.
[Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a
colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor,
produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the
production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous
acid. -- Sulphur ether (Chem.),
a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary
ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of
oxygen. -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a
salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. -- Sulphur
showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in
appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great
distance. -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.),
a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation
of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the
production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a
dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and
formerly sulphuric acid. -- Sulphur
whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur-
bottom. -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.),
lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.
- Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
- An alternative spelling of sulfur (see "Alternative spellings" on that page)
- The Nuttall Encyclopedia
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