Sophists, a sect of thinkers that arose in Greece, and whose radical
principle it was that we have only a subjective knowledge of things, and
that we have no knowledge at all of objective reality, that things are as
they seem to us, and that we have no knowledge of what they are in
themselves; "on this field," says Schwegler, "they disported,
enjoying with boyish exuberance the exercise of the power of
subjectivity, and destroying, by means of a subjective dialectic, all
that had been ever objectively established," such as "the laws of the
State, inherited custom, religious tradition, and popular belief.... They
form, in short, the German
Aufklärung (
q. v.), the Greek
Illumination (
q. v.). They acknowledged only
private judgment and
ignored the existence of a judgment that is not private, and has absolute
rights irrespective of the sentiments of the individual."