Definition of Philasophy
Philosophy, the science of sciences or of things in general,
properly an attempt to find the absolute in the contingent, the immutable
in the mutable, the universal in the particular, the eternal in the
temporal, the real in the phenomenal, the ideal in the real, or in other
words, to discover "the single principle that," as Dr. Stirling says,
"possesses within itself the capability of transition into all existent
variety and varieties," which it presupposes can be done not by induction
from the transient, but by deduction from the permanent as that
spiritually reveals itself in the creating mind, so that a Philosopher
is a man who has, as Carlyle says, quoting Goethe, "stationed himself in
the middle (between the outer and the inner, the upper and the lower), to
whom the Highest has descended and the Lowest mounted up, who is the
equal and kindly brother of all." "Philosophy dwells aloft in the Temple
of Science, the divinity of the inmost shrine; her dictates descend among
men, but she herself descends not; whoso would behold her must climb with
long and laborious effort; may still linger in the forecourt till
manifold trial have proved him worthy of admission into the interior
solemnities." Indeed philosophy is more than science ( q. v.); it
is a divine wisdom instilled into and inspiring a thinker's life. See
Thinker, The.
- Wikipedia
Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl.
Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F.
philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. &?;. See
Philosopher.] 1. Literally, the love of,
including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of
phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons,
powers and laws.
&fist; When applied to any particular department of knowledge,
philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which
all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are
comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the
divine government, is called theology; when applied to material
objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is
called anthropology and psychology, with which are
connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the
necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is
possible, it is called metaphysics.
&fist; "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things
divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the
science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient
reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are
possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first
principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the
application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the
relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; --
the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the
science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof
the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. A particular philosophical system or
theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are
explained.
[Books] of Aristotle and his
philosophie. Chaucer.
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions
of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school.
Locke.
3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and
judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with
philosophy.
Then had he spent all his
philosophy. Chaucer.
4. Reasoning; argumentation.
Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy.
Milton.
5. The course of sciences read in the
schools. Johnson.
6. A treatise on philosophy.
Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who
taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. --
Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who
taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the
Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the
Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at
Athens. -- Philosophy of the Porch, that of
Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his
successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in
Athens.
- Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
PHILOSOPHY, n. A route of many roads leading from nowhere to nothing.
- 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
- A comprehensive system of belief that is, generally, divided into five major subtopics: Logic; Metaphysics; Epistemology; Ethics; Politics; and Esthetics
- A general principle (usually moral)
- The Nuttall Encyclopedia
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