Di`a*lec"tics (?), n. [L.
dialectica (sc. ars), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F.
dialectique.] That branch of logic which teaches the
rules and modes of reasoning; the application of logical principles
to discursive reasoning; the science or art of discriminating truth
from error; logical discussion.
&fist; Dialectics was defined by Aristotle to be the method
of arguing with probability on any given problem, and of defending a
tenet without inconsistency. By Plato, it was used in the following
senses: 1. Discussion by dialogue as a method of
scientific investigation. 2. The method of
investigating the truth by analysis. 3. The science
of ideas or of the nature and laws of being -- higher metaphysics. By
Kant, it was employed to signify the logic of appearances or
illusions, whether these arise from accident or error, or from those
necessary limitations which, according to this philosopher, originate
in the constitution of the human intellect.
